Velocity checks (sometimes referred to as “velocity limits”) are a fraud prevention mechanism widely used by eCommerce merchants. 1, 13. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is. Amex continues to operate as both a card network and a bank. To be labeled with reason code 10. This process is called representment. However, it also encompasses scenarios like. Since these disputes come from the issuer, a merchant response is allowed only under certain conditions. 6. The basic knowledge in this section provides you with a conceptual framework for the policies and procedures that you must follow as a Visa merchant. . The networks say merchants have a 45-day response window, but the Chase credit card chargeback time limit for merchants is 39 days. Identifying the chargeback reason code and the evidence required to fight it is the first step in chargeback. United States; 18167 US Highway 19 N; Clearwater, FL. Chargeback Reason Codes. The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount of the charge. While knowing one system may make the other easier to understand, both are still complex. Therefore, the issuer may submit a chargeback for a Payment Transaction using the message reason code 4842 before the 30-calendar day presentment time frame normally required for this message reason code. 1? Visa chargeback reason code 12. Blog Read helpful tips, industry insights, and articles to create the most effective chargeback management strategy. online) purchase. Visa Chargeback reason code 13. Card Recovery Bulletin Authorization Visa Code: 11. 2 is an updated version of legacy Visa reason code 71, which was phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. A chargeback with reason code 4853 may refer to disputes where the customer claims that a charge on their account is invalid. American Express. Fraud Reason Codes Current Reason Code New VCR Reason Code 62(2) 10. Chargeback reason code 98 was used to describe any exception that fell into that category. Paid by Other Means Consumer disputes category: 13. American Express, Discovering,. To help simplify things, we’ve compiled a list of chargeback codes used by the four major card networks: Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover. 3 – Incorrect Currency. The basic knowledge in this section provides you with a conceptual framework for the policies and procedures that you must follow as a Visa merchant. 3: No. About Visa chargeback reason codes. The most comprehensive guide to chargeback reason codes. 3DS1 is less secure, less effective, and incompatible with the way consumers shop online. 1 EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud; 10. About Visa chargeback reason codes. About Visa chargeback reason codes. They must respond within 30 days at each phase, or 10 days for arbitration. Many of the card numbers that fraudsters buy will be invalid. Visa has recently announced changes to its chargeback rules. These rules are changing over time, though. This lets the merchant resolve the issue before a chargeback happens. In this article, you’ll learn the key takeaways for merchants: Visa standard chargeback regulations; 3 most common Visa dispute reason codes; New Visa mandate Compelling Evidence 3. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. The networks say merchants have a 45-day response window, but the Chase credit card chargeback time limit for merchants is 39 days. Visa chargeback codes are broken up into four categories: Fraudulent activity; Authorization issues; Processing errors; Customer disputes; Fraudulent activity. What is Visa chargeback reason code 10. 3 Other Fraud – Card Present Environment 83(1) 10. 1st Chargeback. Payment capture comes after authorization; at this point, the payment is effectively "settled," and the transaction is over. For U. For example, the merchant bills the cardholder in installments. To be labeled with reason code 10. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. The transaction that was processed was different from the obtained authorisation. The dispute timeline can be based on one of two start dates. Learn more about Visa reason codes Reason code 98 was a code used for pre-compliance chargebacks before the implementation of the Visa Dispute Resolution system. Information included in these reports can include: Merchant information, including name, location, MCC. Visa Chargeback Reason Codes are divided into six general groups, with 22 subcategories (codes): 1. Mastercard uses a four-digit numbering scheme for its chargeback reason codes. ” Visa categorizes these types of disputes as “first-party misuse” under their reason code 10. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. This is perhaps the most common claim associated with disputes and chargebacks. When a cardholder makes a purchase, but regrets it later, they may file a chargeback to recoup their money. 1, which covers duplicate processing errors, and 12. There are some exceptions on the cardholder’s side, though. See our Automated Clearing House (ACH) support article if you are looking for ACH Return Codes. The shorthand description is “EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. 2 Compliance CasesIf a merchant does not submit the required pieces of compelling evidence, it is unlikely that the card brands will rule in the merchant’s favor. It is caused by not issuing credit, or issuing it but not depositing on time. Under certain circumstances, Mastercard may allow consumers to reverse a payment card transaction by filing a chargeback. Payment Capture. 60 due to merchandise, fees, overhead, and other sources of loss. 5: Visa Fraud Monitoring Program: 11. Visa Chargeback Reason Code 12. the date on the credit transaction receipt. You can learn more about each one by visiting the Mastercard Chargeback Guide. A transaction modifier (or modifier) represents specific circumstances associated with a card sale that change what compelling evidence is required to overturn the chargeback. Learn about chargeback reason codes. Transaction was approved by the Issuer knowing that the authentication data failed verification and was not reliable. 4: Other Fraud–Card-Absent Environment. 1 for late presentment chargebacks. Visa. This specific code applies when a cardholder claims that the terms of the sale were in some way misrepresented. The Visa Claims Resolution (VCR) initiative, launched in 2018, changed many aspects of the chargeback process. 4 – Counterfeit Merchandise. compliance process depending on whether a chargeback right exists. 4 chargeback by demonstrating at least one transaction in which the details matched the disputed transaction. Nevertheless, you must respond to the chargeback based on the given code. According to Visa regulations, if the transaction is not deposited within the allotted time. The Mastercard chargeback reason codes were condensed down in 2016, like the process that Visa just underwent with Visa Claims Resolution. Learn about the different chargeback reason codes and what they mean. Chargebacks Explained;. 3:A chargeback reason code is a 2-to-4-digit alphanumeric code given by the issuing bank tangled in a chargeback. Prevent chargebacks. Issuer Review; Allocation. Each card network — Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover — defines and maintains their own unique set of reason codes, which are applied to disputes by the banks that issue credit and debit cards under their brands. However, you’re not alone; they create headaches for many players within the Mastercard ecosystem. 4 Other Fraud – Card Absent Environment 93(1) 10. Every chargeback has a reason code associated with it. ; Resources. What is Visa chargeback reason code 12. Reason codes are created by the major. Poor order shipping: Not shipping goods or delivering services as promised, shipping to the wrong address, or not making the goods available. As we mentioned, Visa dispute time limits for merchants are straightforward. Visa groups its chargeback codes into four main categories—fraud, authorization, processing errors, and customer disputes. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is valid. Reason code 13. There are five main categories of Visa chargeback reason codes: Fraudulent Transactions, Authorization Issues, Processing Errors, Consumer Disputes, and Other. United States; 18167 US Highway 19 N; Clearwater, FL 33764; 877. Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13. The Mastercard chargeback reason codes were condensed down in 2016, like the process that Visa just underwent with Visa Claims Resolution. Linda finds it difficult to use the product as decides to dispute the transaction in the hope of winning the chargeback under the Reason Code 53: Not as Described or Defective Merchandise. Their chargeback process differs because it is typically more straightforward. From mid April 2023, Visa will enforce the Visa Compelling Evidence 3. About Visa chargeback reason codes. Dispute Condition Description Dispute Condition Code Category Code Category Code Description; EMV Liability Shift: 10. The following tables show the Stripe categories for each card network’s dispute reason codes. Get of Visa’s current reason codes were condensed into four key groupings: fraud, authorization errors, processing fault, and my disputes. Chargeback Reason Codes. ”. This liability shift essentially provides merchants. Identifying the chargeback reason code and the evidence required to fight it is the first step in chargeback. In some cases, chargebacks from Visa Reason Code 12. 1: 10:Visa chargeback reason codes . When a customer who's enrolled with 3-D Secure from their bank initiates a purchase, the tool will deploy during the checkout. Visa chargeback reason codes. This code is unique—at least currently—in that Visa has since split it into two separate categories: 12. Reason Code 81: Fraud. Mastercard specifies 21 reason codes under the categories of Fraud, Authorization, Point-of-Interaction Error, and Cardholder Disputes. Under “Transaction History,” tap the transaction you want to dispute, then tap “Report an Issue. 4846 — Incorrect Currency Code. the transaction adjustment date for an ATM cash disbursement or PIN-authenticated debit transaction. The goal is to reduce ‘friendly’ fraud chargebacks, helping sellers protect more of their hard-earned revenue. Following the prompts that pop up, inform PayPal of every detail, and include the screenshots of the conversations you had with the scammer. Identifying the chargeback reason code and the evidence required to fight it is the first step in chargeback. 13. All by Visa’s existing reason codes were condensed into four press groupings: scam, authorization failures, processing errors, press customer disputes. For U. Build & Submit a Representment Case in 4 StepsMastercard chargeback reason code 4853: Goods/Services Not Provided covers disputes where a customer claims a merchant didn't deliver as promised. Each card network—Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover—defines and maintains their own unique set of reason codes, which are. Issuer ACS unavailable - Visa generated CAVV. For MasterCard reason code 4853, provide documentation to support that the chargeback is remedied or invalid through one of the following: The transaction was not a recurring transaction. Get your complete guide to Mastercard reason codes, including all the detailed information, chargeback time limits, and other important information you need. That’s why it’s important that you start with a clear picture of the Visa card transaction process; what it is, how it works, and who’s involved. The list of chargeback reason codes in this article is organized by card brand and type of dispute. com. 0 initiative to update compelling evidence requirements for dispute reason code 10. Blog Read helpful tips, industry insights, and articles to create the most effective chargeback management strategy. The major card networks (Visa, Mastercard, Discover, and American Express) established these codes to clearly identify the reason a chargeback was. Reason code 83 represents a chargeback categorized as. Visa Chargeback Reason Code 30: Services Not Provided or Merchandise Not Received. Type. Discover: Reason Code 4755 Non-receipt of goods or services. 2. Each card network — Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover — defines and maintains their own unique set of reason codes, which are applied to disputes by the banks that issue credit and debit cards under their brands. 9 – Non-Receipt of Cash or Load Transaction Value. The network plans to reduce response times even further to just 20 days in the near future. Simply search for your Visa chargeback reason codes, and learn why the chargeback was issued. 1: Services not provided or merchandise not received: VCR Dispute Reason Code 13. 5 can be disputed. 6. However, if the credit transaction receipt is dated, the issuer must let at least 15 calendar days pass before initiating a dispute. Over a decade later, our exclusive data-driven platform provides true end-to-end chargeback prevention and remediation technology. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974 , cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is valid. Under Visa’s previous chargeback rules, merchants could contest a reason code 10. Visa Chargeback Reason Codes. ; Resources. Reason code Description; 11. Chargebacks911® offers the industry’s only data-driven, fully managed solution for chargebacks. 12. 2 – Incorrect Transaction Code. Mastercard Reason Code 4807 – Warning Bulletin File chargebacks should be filed under code 4808. 9 – Non-Receipt of Cash or Load Transaction Value. 6. Your first step is to identify the chargeback reason code, which is a kind of shorthand that indicates why the transaction is being disputed. Visa Chargeback Reason Codes. Originally, this condition fell under legacy reason code 53: Merchandise Not as Described, which. 1 EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud 81(3) 10. Chapter 1: All about chargebacks; Chapter 2: Average chargeback rates; Chapter 3: Chargeback Reason Codes Guide; Chapter 4: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes; Chapter 5: Mastercard Chargeback Reason Codes; Chapter 6: Visa Chargeback Reason Codes; Chapter 7: Chargeback responses; Chapter 8:. About Visa chargeback reason codes. It comes into play when customers assert non-receipt of goods or services. What is Visa chargeback reason code 71? Visa chargeback reason code 71 falls under the “Authorization” category. 1 Merchandise/Services Not Received. About Visa chargeback reason codes Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. About Visa chargeback reason codes Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. Either the dispute must be processed within 120 calendar days of: the transaction processing date, or. Chargeback reason code 12. Reason codes are very crucial to assist. With the overhaul of their reason code system, Visa divided reason. 4: Fraud—Card-Absent Environment. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is valid. MDR removed. 2 is an updated version of legacy Visa reason code 76, which was phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. Reason Code ≠ Reason 4. In short: yes. A truly effective chargeback management strategy must encompass prevention as well as disputing cases of friendly fraud. Among some of the most common Visa chargeback reason codes are Fraudulent Processing of Transactions (Reason Code 4837), Invalid Data (Reason Code 4775), Credit Not Processed (Reason Code 4834), and. ” This code indicates that the merchant sent an authorization approval request for a transaction, received a “Decline” or “Pick Up Card” response, and submitted the. For the time being, however, merchants should be aware that banks may still use the legacy code. But if RDR receives a dispute about a Visa card transaction, it will instead consult the ruleset provided by the. VisaChargeback Reason Codes. This code was phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. 13. If the dispute involves a non-Visa card, the dispute can be paused for up to 72 hours for the merchant to respond. 5 under Visa Claims Resolution). Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. American Express has its own set of chargeback reason codes, and they refer to situations that correspond to Visa and Mastercard reason codes you may already be acquainted with. 0 standard that has specific defense requirements for chargebacks with this reason code. 1 is an updated version of legacy reason code 70, which was phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. domestic transactions, the dispute timeline can be based on one of two start dates. See moreFor each reason code, a definition is provided along with the merchant’s actions—or failure to act—that may have caused the chargeback, and. The agency must provide this documentation to Vantiv (via mail, fax, online/scanning) within 30 calendar days after the report date on the Visa/MasterCardReason. Defense documents should only be supplied if all requirements have been met. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974 , cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is valid. Visa. Chargeback alerts allow. Identifying the chargeback reason code and the evidence required to fight it is the first step in chargeback. Visa Chargeback Reason Codes; Prevent Chargebacks; Chargebacks Explained; High-Risk Merchant Account; CONTACT. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is valid. A TC40 data claim occurs when a customer makes a fraud claim against a merchant. 4846. A risk department can accurately analyze what the issue is with their. 2: Cancelled recurring transaction: VCR Dispute Reason Code 13. ” This code indicates the merchant made a swiped or keyed transaction with a counterfeit card rather than scanning the EMV chip. Here the payment service provider is pulling funds from the cardholder. About Visa chargeback reason codes Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. Learn about the Visa chargeback reason codes and how they apply to Visa transactions. . 1 falls under the “Authorization” category. For each reason code, a definition is. ”. Now George has contacted his bank to start a dispute with the Reason Code 30: Services Not provided or Merchandise Not Received. Say Goodbye to Chargeback Fraud with Our Ultimate Prevention Guide. Note: Fraud is generally the most common chargeback dispute reason. Free Download. Visa Reason Codes. 6. Chargebacks. 13. These chargebacks occur to resolve chargeback-related disputes between network members. Now, compliance cases go through Visa Resolve Online (VROL). For example, the merchant bills the cardholder in installments. Visa has four different common codes for fraud and nine for consumer disputes. ACH disputes pertain to various parties involved in an ACH transaction, which is an electronic funds transfer facilitated. If the cardholder provides a sufficient explanation, the issuer may choose not to reverse the chargeback. 4: “Other Fraud. 1. About Visa chargeback reason codes Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. Visa chargeback reason code 13. If the merchant believes the chargeback was invalid for some reason, though, it proceeds to the next step. Visa uses the four main categories to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes (which Visa refers to as Consumer Disputes), Fraud, and Processing Errors. The reason code may not reflect the true reason for the chargeback. The issuing bank initiates the first chargeback on behalf of the cardholder by sending a chargeback notification to Adyen stating the dispute reason. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. Exceptions to Visa Chargeback Time Limits. The shorthand description is “Paid by Other Means. Survey data from the 2019 Chargeback Field Report found that 82% of merchants surveyed believed that the Visa Claims Resolution process had “little to no impact on chargeback management. 1: The chargeback time limits may be altered if the resources were assumed to deliver after the execution time period of the payment also. Reason code: Explanation: 12. Mastercard chargeback reason codes are four numerals without decimals. In contrast, an AFT is basically the inverse of an original credit transaction, or OCT. For Visa disputes, the reason code also dictates which workflow the case will take. About Visa chargeback reason codes Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. In both instances if the Merchant wishes to withdraw from an arbitration case, Visa will charge the amount of 500. Visa chargeback reason codes, for example, are numerals with decimals. 4 | Mastercard Reason Code 4837. In addition to timeframe and workflow changes, Visa is consolidating its chargeback reason codes. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. One of these changes was an overhaul of Visa’s list of chargeback reason codes. Each of the major card brands, including Visa, Mastercard, and others, have their own system of reason codes. While the updates have been published, they do not go into effect until Oct. Responding to Mastercard Reason Code 4853 Chargebacks. , Visa uses a two-digit code; Mastercard uses a four-digit code. Going back to our Reason Code C08 response, there are two modifiers that affect the evidence presented. ; Help Center Find answers to common questions about Midigator’s technology,. Code. 1 - Late Presentment: The transaction wasn’t sent to Visa within the time limit. According to recent estimates, US credit card transaction volume was primed to top $3 trillion in 2022. Chargeback reason code 13. 5 can be disputed. Stripe Category. Explaining Mastercard Reason Code 4859 - No Show/Addendum/ATM Dispute. Invalid chargebacks from Visa Reason Code 13. ”. Non-receipt of information. Visa recently shortened chargeback time limits from 45 days to 30. Reason Code 53: Not as Described or Defective Merchandise. 2022 Visa Chargeback Reason Rules. Visa Chargeback Reason Code 85. Goods / Services Damaged or Defective. F02. In simple terms, Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4859 — No Show/Addendum/ATM Dispute refers to situations where a customer claims the services purchased from a merchant were not fulfilled. The shorthand description is “Declined Authorization. 13. a) Code 75 (Cardholder Does Not Recognize): In this code, the. 1. 4: Other fraud: Card-absent environment: VCR Dispute Reason Code 13. 5 Visa Fraud Monitoring ProgramThe issuing bank assigns each case a code according to the consumer’s claim, and the merchant must adhere to the time limits for that specific code. Chargeback time limits vary depending on the reason for the dispute. The merchant resource library contains in-depth information designed to help Visa merchants navigate acceptance, fraud, data security, authorisation and more. 5 – Misrepresentation. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. The Visa Fraud Monitoring Program, or VFMP, is a merchant compliance platform aimed at identifying and tracking merchants that receive too many chargebacks with “fraud”-related reason codes. F01. 1: EMV Compensation Shift Counterfeit Fraud: 10. Visa no longer allows the use of retrieval requests, announcing they would be phased out effective October 2020. For example, Visa reason code 83 is one of the reason codes with several modifiers with which it’s associated. However, this only applies to chargebacks designated with a “Fraud” reason code. Visa and Mastercard each use their own set of chargeback reason codes. The Visa chargeback reason codings system underwent a major overhaul in May 2018 as part of their new Visa Claims Resolution (VCR) initiative. Use this guide as a quick resource for Visa chargeback reasons at a glance. Chargeback alerts are a dispute prevention product provided by a chargeback management specialist. All Mastercard chargebacks (except reason codes 4808, 4870, 4871, and 4834) All Visa collaboration disputes The following is a high-level overview of the process used in these situations. 0 program provide the same rules and policies for 3-D Secure 2. TC40 data is used to inform banks and card networks when a merchant has an outstanding fraud. This code applies when authorization for a transaction was requested and denied, but the merchant processed the transaction anyway. If you’re entered into the VFMP, that means Visa will keep tabs on your activity. Thanks for following the Chargeback Gurus blog. Download our comprehensive guide to reason codes, modifiers, time limits, and compelling evidence. The following Visa chargeback code maps are organized by category, as defined by Visa. Visa Chargeback Reason Codes When a customer files a chargeback, the merchant receives a notification with an applicable chargeback reason code. 4? Chargeback reason code 12. About Visa chargeback reason codes Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. Merchants can deflect first-party disputes or reverse ensuing chargebacks by tying cardholders to their purchases by capturing transaction data, aka “compelling evidence. Understanding chargeback reason codes is one of the most essential parts of effective chargeback management. Alerts providers work closely with banks to ensure that merchants using the service receive advance notice of impending chargebacks. Blog Read helpful tips, industry insights, and articles to create the most effective chargeback management strategy. 1 – Other Fraud – Card Recovery. 00 EUR as a Withdrawal fee. domestic transactions, the dispute timeline can be based on one of two start dates. 5 is part of the updated Visa reason codes that were phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. 1 is an updated version of legacy reason code 30, which was phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. About Visa chargeback reason codes Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. Reference these when rebutting cardholder disputes at your small business. 12. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is valid. Card authorization refers to the actual notification received by a merchant. Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 70: Chip Liability Shift. Key-in your chargeback reason code and get a detailed explanation of what it means, how to fight the chargeback, and how to prevent disputes in the future. The term "counterfeit fraud" refers to specific chargeback situations defined by Visa Reason Code 10. Learn about the Visa chargeback reason codes and how they apply to Visa transactions. If you want a more thorough explanation of a given reason code, you can find it in our reason code lookup tool. VisaChargeback Reason Codes. Your customer has to be enrolled in the 3DS platform that corresponds with the card brand in question ( Verify by Visa, Mastercard SecureCode, etc. Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 73: Duplicate Transaction. The customer regrets their purchase. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is valid. If you’re entered into the VFMP, that means Visa will keep tabs on your activity. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974 , cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is valid. A cardholder claims that they did not receive the service or merchandise they ordered. All card brands have their own number of codes). The code replaces Visa’s legacy reason code 41. 1: EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud: 10. There are several reasons why an issuer might decline a transaction. The implication is that the merchant failed to deliver the goods or services, but this reason. October. REASON CODES 1. 2. Understanding chargeback reason codes is one of the most essential parts of effective chargeback management. The shorthand description is “Card Recovery Bulletin. About Visa chargeback reason codes Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. This included consolidating and removing some old reason codes and creating an organizational structure where all dispute codes fall under one of four categories, numbered 10 through. 4 billion online transactions every year, representing clients in 87 different countries. Visa uses reason code 12.